Bologna will change everything you know about Italy. Known as the Fat, Red, and Learned City, Bologna is where history, flavour, and culture blend in ways you won’t find anywhere else. Homemade tortellini and tagliatelle aren’t just dishes here—they’re part of life. The scent of freshly made pasta fills the medieval streets, and beneath Bologna’s UNESCO-protected porticoes, every corner reveals a story. From climbing medieval towers to dining in family-run trattorias, there are countless things to do in Bologna that will make this city your new Italian favourite.
Explore Bologna’s heart, where every street invites you to taste, explore, and experience Italy’s finest.
13 Best Things To Do In Bologna
In this post, we guide you through Bologna’s must-see spots, hidden gems, and top tips for an unforgettable two-day adventure. We stayed here for three nights and took a day trip to Ravenna.
1. Porticoes of Bologna
A covered wonderland
Ever wondered what makes Bologna unique? Its porticoes! Stretching 62 km (38.2 mi), these covered walkways offer more than shelter – they are open-air museums. Declared a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2021, the porticoes are a part of Bologna’s DNA. They started in the 1100s when the city expanded for its booming university. Back then, people built homes that extended over the streets, and, soon, support columns turned those extensions into the beautiful arcades we see today. Over time, they became symbols of the city’s ingenuity.
DID YOU KNOW?
Bologna has the longest stretch of covered walkways in the world.
WHY BOLOGNA’S PORTICOES MATTER:
Originally made of wood, porticoes began as a way to expand houses outward, creating shaded paths below. In 1288, the city’s leaders made a bold decision: every building needed a portico. Those without one? They had to add one too. Wooden supports dominated until the 1500s when laws required stronger materials like stone or brick. However, a few charming wooden ones survive. These changes preserved their beauty for centuries.
Today, UNESCO’s status celebrates not just the structures but their cultural importance. These stunning arcades created spaces for trade, study, and socializing, shaping the city’s identity. Plus, they stood the test of time, with laws ensuring their preservation and expansion.
STYLES TO ADMIRE:
These aren’t just pretty paths – each portico is a masterpiece, showcasing centuries of architectural evolution.
Bologna’s porticoes come in all shapes and sizes. Some are medieval wooden structures, like those on Strada Maggiore or Via Marsala, while others show off 14th-century “beccadelli” designs, like the semi-covered portico behind Palazzo d’Accursio. Visit Santa Maria dei Servi for the widest one, or squeeze through the narrowest on Via Sanzanome. And let’s not forget the famous Portico di San Luca, stretching nearly 4 km up to the hilltop Basilica. These aren’t just pretty paths – they’re a testament to centuries of architectural evolution.
PRACTICAL PERKS
Porticoes aren’t just walkways; they’re where the city comes alive. Locals call them ‘open-air living rooms’ because life happens here – chatting, trading, or sipping an espresso. Many lead to iconic sites like Piazza Maggiore or the two towers of Bologna. Rain or shine, you can explore the city without worrying about umbrellas or sunburn.
2. Piazza Maggiore
Piazza Maggiore: Where Bologna’s Heart Beats
Curious why Piazza Maggiore is the first stop for everyone visiting Bologna? This gigantic square holds centuries of history and some of the city’s biggest surprises. At 115 m (377 ft) long and 60 m (196 ft) wide, it’s one of Italy’s largest squares – a true stage for Bologna’s life and culture.
DID YOU KNOW?
Believe it or not, Piazza Maggiore is one of the oldest squares in Italy, built after the fall of the Roman Empire. It’s older than Florence’s and Siena’s famous squares! To make room for it, the city cleared buildings and tore down several tall towers. This bold move put this city ahead of its time.
THE CRESCENTONE: THE CITY’S SPECIAL PLATFORM
One of Piazza Maggiore’s quirkiest features is the ‘crescentone’ – a 15 cm (5.9 in)-high platform of pink and white granite added in the 1930s. Locals named it after a piece of focaccia bread, Bologna’s speciality because it looks like one!
SURROUNDED BY HISTORY:
As you walk around Piazza Maggiore, you’ll see the 13th-century Palazzo del Podestà and the historic Palazzo Comunale with its art collections. Also, you can’t miss the grand Basilica of San Petronio, one of the top Bologna attractions.
3. San Petronio
San Petronio – Bologna’s bold and unfinished basilica.
One of the most fascinating things to do in Bologna is to visit San Petronio. It isn’t just another church – it’s a massive, unfinished masterpiece that’s been the talk of Bologna for over six centuries. Originally planned in 1390 to rival even St Peter’s Basilica in Rome, San Petronio was supposed to be Italy’s grandest church. But in a shocking twist, the dream came to a sudden stop. Why? Pope Pius IV halted the plans and diverted funds to build the nearby Palazzo Archiginnasio. Even at its current size, it’s still one of Italy’s greatest medieval brick-built churches. It is 132 m (433 ft) long, 66 m (216 ft) wide, and 47 m (154 ft) tall.
The basilica remains famously unfinished – a detail that adds to its charm.
A FAÇADE WITH A STORY: WHY IT’S UNFINISHED
If you look closely, you’ll notice San Petronio’s façade is half marble, half rough brick. The luxurious pink and white marble at the bottom hints at an extravagant design that was never finished. Why? Locals say the Pope thought a fully marble-clad basilica would look ridiculous – like a ‘cathedral in pyjamas!’ And so, Bolognese people took it as a sign to leave the church unfinished, a decision that feels uniquely bold.
FUN FACT – MICHELANGELO’S LOST STATUE
Did you know Michelangelo once created a massive bronze statue of Pope Julius II to stand here? Unfortunately, when political tides turned, Bolognese citizens tore the statue down. Some say they even melted it down to make an enormous cannon.
INSIDE THE BASILICA
The side chapels that feel like individual mini-churches.
Inside, San Petronio is as grand as any finished basilica. Here are some must-see highlights:
- CASSINI’S MERIDIAN SUNDIAL: Look for a meridian line running across the floor of the nave. This massive 67 m (219 ft) line is the longest meridian in the world in a closed space. It isn’t just for show – it precisely measures time and season. The line was also crucial to developing the modern Gregorian calendar. It also proved the Earth wasn’t the centre of the universe.
- THE CHAPEL OF THE THREE WISE MEN (The Bolognini Chapel): This chapel holds vivid frescoes by Giovanni da Modena, depicting Heaven and Hell.
- MUSIC CHAPEL: Here, you’ll find the world’s oldest still-functioning organ, dating back to the 1470s.
- BOLOGNA’S MAGIC CROSSES: These ancient stone crosses, once marking the city’s gates, now stand inside, around the nave, symbolizing Bologna’s protection.
GOOD TO KNOW – PRACTICAL TIPS:
- Dress modestly, covering your shoulders and knees.
- Check out the designs for the unfinished façade in the basilica’s museum.
- Admission to San Petronio is free, but fees apply to specific chapels. As of November 2024, expect to pay €5 to visit the famous Bolognini Chapel and €2 for photography. However, you won’t be allowed to take a picture of the controversial mural, which depicts Muhammad in Hell.
ADOPT-A-BRICK:
If you want to be part of San Petronio’s history, adopt a brick! Donate €50 or more, and you’ll get a certificate of adoption. It’s a meaningful way to support Bologna’s unfinished masterpiece.
4. Fountain of Neptune
Bologna’s Fountain of Neptune is no ordinary fountain. Crafted by Giambologna in the 16th century, this bronze giant is 3.4 m (11 ft) tall, standing in Piazza del Nettuno like a playful, bold statement. This pretty fountain is a giant bronze statement, a cheeky rebellion, and a good-luck charm, all in one. Known as The Giant to locals, it was commissioned by the nephew of Pope Pius IV after his lucky election. The fountain symbolizes the Pope’s power over Bologna, with Neptune’s hand stretched out, claiming control over land and sea.
The Fountain of Neptune – a very public reminder of Bologna’s authority.
A CHEEKY TOUCH
But here’s where things get juicy: the Pope demanded one little change. Concerned about Neptune’s ‘proportions’, he ordered Giambologna to tone things down a little. The Flemish sculptor complied – but with a secret twist. He adjusted the statue’s pose so that if you look up at it from a certain angle, you’ll see Neptune’s thumb positioned to create a rather impressive illusion. At the right time of day, his shadow makes this illusion even bolder. This little rebellion made Neptune a spicy symbol of Bolognese pride.
THE LUCKY FOUNTAIN
But that’s not all – this fountain also brings good luck! For luck before exams, students circle the fountain twice – a tradition that continues today. And if you’re visiting during graduation, you might see fresh graduates celebrating their success around this cheeky, iconic fountain.
5. Basilica di Santo Stefano
Looking for unique things to do in Bologna? Step into the Basilica di Santo Stefano, also known as the Seven Churches. This isn’t just one church but a complex of ancient churches, chapels, crypts, and courtyards from different centuries. Originally, there were seven churches, but four remain today, each with its own story.
CHURCHES TO SEE:
Start at the Church of the Crucifix, dating back to the 8th century. Here, you’ll find an ancient crucifix that lends it its name. Marvel at the 18th-century sculpture in the nave which will bring you close to Bologna’s spiritual roots.
Next, enter the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, built by Bishop Petronius over an old pagan temple. In the 11th century, Benedictine monks rebuilt it after the Hungarian invaders left it in ruins. The octagonal structure here mirrors the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, linking Bologna and the Holy Land. Although Petronius’s relics were moved in 2020 to San Petronio, his legacy fills these walls.
Outside, in the Courtyard of Pilate, see the limestone basin from the 8th century. Legend claims Pilate washed his hands here, but in reality, it dates back to the Lombard era. But who can resist a good legend? Your final stop, the Church of Santi Vitale e Agricola, is the city’s oldest, built from recycled Roman stones. Here you’ll find ancient tombs that whisper tales of the city’s deep past.
GOOD TO KNOW:
The Basilica di Santo Stefano is free to enter, but entry may be limited during religious services. Visit every day between 9.30 am and 12.30 pm or between 2.30 pm and 7 pm. On Mondays, explore the basilica between 6 pm and 7.30 pm.
6. Anatomical Theatre Bologna
The Archiginnasio: the city’s choice over a bigger church.
Curious about unique things to do in Bologna? Step into the Anatomical Theatre at the Archiginnasio. It’s not a regular theatre – this is where 17th-century medical students witnessed dissections by candlelight. It’s hard to believe but this lecture hall for anatomy classes at the University of Bologna, one of Europe’s oldest universities, was destroyed in WWII. Luckily, the city painstakingly rebuilt this ornate hall in 1950.
The Anatomical Theatre showcases medieval science, culture, and a few surprises.
ARCHIGINNASIO – A HUB OF LEARNING (AND CONTROL):
In 1563, Bologna’s leaders had to choose between expanding San Petronio or building the Archiginnasio for the university. They chose education, bringing scholars into one space where the Church could keep watch. This made it easier for the Church to monitor academic discussions, making sure no ‘heretical’ ideas slipped into the curriculum. Before this, classes happened in public buildings or cloisters all over the city. With walls decorated by hundreds of crests, it honours scholars who once studied here – a lasting testament to the city’s choice to invest in knowledge.
INSIDE THE ANATOMICAL THEATRE
The Anatomical Theatre’s striking wooden work will impress, but it’s the marble dissecting table that draws all the attention. Just imagine: surgeons once dissected cadavers here, watched by statues of Hippocrates and Galen. There is also a statue of Bologna’s own Gaspare Tagliacozzi (father of plastic surgery) who holds a nose in his hand, a symbol of his pioneering reconstructive work. Look out for the ‘Spellati’ – two flayed figures that reveal every muscle, designed by Ercole Lelli for anatomy lessons.
SPY HOLE AND THE STABAT MATER HALL
the Stabat Mater Hall
Before you leave the room, look for the small spy hole on the wall. The Church used it to peek in and ensure lessons stayed ‘moral’. Afterwards, visit the Stabat Mater Hall, a beautiful space where the famous opera by Rossini premiered. Originally a hall for law lectures, it’s now a testament to Bologna’s cultural history. This hall even hosted Einstein’s 1921 lectures, mixing Bologna’s love for art and science.
GOOD TO KNOW:
- ARCHIGINNASIO OPENING TIMES: Monday – Friday 9 am – 7 pm, Saturday 9 am – 6 pm, closed on Sunday.
- ANATOMICAL THEATRE OPENING TIMES: Monday – Saturday: 10 am – 6 pm, closed on Sundays. As of November 2024, the €3 entry fee includes access to the Stabat Mater Room.
- Reservations: recommended, required on Saturdays and holidays.
7. Towers of Bologna
Bologna’s skyline once had around 180 towers. Today, only 22 remain, and the stars of the show are the Asinelli and Garisenda towers. These two medieval masterpieces stand tall (or should we say, lean) dramatically.
GARISENDA – THE REBEL TOWER:
Did you know Bologna’s Garisenda Tower leans more than Pisa’s famous tower? At a dramatic 4-degree tilt, it’s an architectural rebel. Built in the 12th century, it was originally 60 m (196 ft) tall but chopped down to 47 m (154 ft) after it began to shift.
Bologna’s twin towers were built by wealthy rival families, proving money can’t always buy a solid foundation. Even Dante noticed, writing about it in his Divine Comedy in 1321.
ASINELLI TOWER – THE SKY-HIGH STAR:
At 97 m (318 ft), the Asinelli Tower isn’t just tall – it’s Italy’s highest-leaning medieval tower. Built in the 12th century by the ambitious Asinelli family, it’s seen life as a fortress, prison, and lookout. Its 498-step climb offered visitors breathtaking views until the tower closed for maintenance in December 2023.
GOOD TO KNOW:
Both towers are undergoing an extensive €20 million restoration to keep them standing tall (or leaning safely). Experts predict a 10-year effort to save these historic icons. Even though you cannot climb them, seeing the Asinelli and Garisenda Towers is one of the best things to do in Bologna. These towers date back to when rich families competed to build the tallest structures in town. Today, these towering structures symbolize the city’s history, resilience, and passion for pushing architectural boundaries.
8. Saint Catherine of Bologna
Would you ring a doorbell to see a 500-year-old saint?
In Bologna’s Chiesa della Santa, there’s a small wooden door near the entrance hiding an unforgettable sight. Miss it, and you’ll miss one of the most curious and fascinating Bologna attractions. Ring the doorbell on the left, and step into a small chapel holding Saint Catherine of Bologna, seated upright on a golden throne. She is a naturally mummified nun, dressed in a nun’s habit, preserved for over 500 years.
Her blackened face and hands seem almost alive – chilling proof of her miraculous preservation.
WHO IS THE SAINT ON THE THRONE?
Born in 1413, Catherine wasn’t just a nun. She was an artist, a teacher, and a writer, who founded a monastery. Catherine also wrote spiritual guides and painted masterpieces like the Madonna del Pomo, still displayed in her chapel. She claimed to see visions of both Jesus and Satan, which she recorded in her writings.
After she died in 1463, miracles at her grave led her sisters to exhume her body after eighteen days. They found it naturally preserved – flexible, intact, and even fragrant. To this day, her body remains upright and miraculously preserved, shocking everyone who sees her. Catherine of Bologna, canonized by Pope Clement XI in the 18th century, is the patron saint of Bologna, artists, and those facing temptation.
The chapel holds more than her body. You’ll see her violin, her artwork, and the relics of other saints.
GOOD TO KNOW:
You can find Saint Catherine in a chapel on the left side of the nave in the Church of Corpus Domini (also known as the Chiesa della Santa). Want to see her? Ring the chapel doorbell during these hours (as of November 2024):
- Thursday-Saturday: 9:30-11:45 am / 4:00-5:45 pm
- Sunday: 9:30-11:15 am / 4:00-5:45 pm
9. Clock Tower
Climb Bologna’s Clock Tower for Views You’ll Never Forget.
The Clock Tower (Torre dell’Orologio) has stood tall in Piazza Maggiore since the 13th century. Once part of Accursio’s mansion, it later became Bologna’s official timekeeper in 1444. Its giant clock still keeps time with its ancient mechanism, ticking after centuries.
WHY CLIMB IT?
Step through the courtyard, follow the signs, and climb the grand staircases. At the top, you’ll find two terraces. From the first, you’ll see Piazza Maggiore and the historic centre. Climb a little higher to the summit terrace for sweeping views of Bologna’s rooftops, the hills, and the legendary San Luca Basilica.
ART MEETS TIME
Your visit includes access to the Municipal Art Collections, housed in the cardinal’s former winter apartments. Inside, you’ll discover Baroque frescoes, porcelain treasures, and centuries-old textiles. The highlight? The Urban Hall, decorated with 188 coats of arms that bring Bologna’s history to life.
GOOD TO KNOW:
- WHEN TO VISIT: Daily slots are available from 10 am to 6:20 pm (except for major holidays).
- RESERVATIONS: Don’t forget to book in advance!
- TICKETS (as of November 2024): Tickets start at €10 for adults, with discounts for kids, seniors, and students
- SHOES: No flip-flops or heels – the climb is steep.
10. The Basilica of San Domenico
While tourists flock to the famous Bologna attractions, they miss the Basilica of San Domenico, a hidden gem with fascinating art and history. This church, founded in 1221 after St. Dominic’s death, is the most important Dominican church in Italy. It holds the remains of St. Dominic himself and the early works of Michelangelo. Yes, the one and only Michelangelo! Even more shocking, St. Dominic’s head rests here in a reliquary—proof that this place is full of surprises.
A TOMB LIKE NO OTHER
The basilica holds the Arca di San Domenico, the grand tomb of Saint Dominic, the founder of the Dominican Order. It’s not just a tomb—it’s a masterpiece of collaboration, with contributions from art legends. Designed by Nicola Pisano and enhanced by artists like Michelangelo and Niccolò dell’Arca, the shrine is a gorgeous blend of Gothic and Renaissance art. The highlight? Michelangelo’s angel holding a candle and his statues of St. Proculus and St. Petronius, showcasing the genius of the young artist. These aren’t just statues; they’re treasures most tourists overlook.
ART AND WONDER EVERYWHERE:
The Basilica of San Domenico houses precious art that spans centuries, including the brushstrokes of Lippi and Carracci. Don’t miss Fra ’Damiano’s intricately carved wooden choir, once called the eighth wonder of the world.
THE MOZART CONNECTION:
Just steps from the tomb, you’ll find the organ played by none other than Mozart. Imagine standing where one of history’s greatest composers once did! Music fans, this is your pilgrimage spot.
GOOD TO KNOW:
- OPENING TIMES: Mon-Sat: 8:30 am–12 pm, 3:30 pm–6 pm; Sun: 3:30 pm–5 pm, as of November 2024.
- ENTRY: Free entry (as of November 2024).
- PLAN AHEAD: Religious services may pause visits, so check the schedule.
11. Sanctuary of Madonna di San Luca
Ever seen 666 arches in a row? That’s just the start of your adventure to the Sanctuary of Madonna di San Luca. Sitting high on Monte della Guardia, this hilltop church isn’t just a pretty view – it’s Bologna’s protector. The locals believe the sacred icon inside watches over their city, and one visit here will show you why.
WHAT’S INSIDE?
The sanctuary itself is a masterpiece. Inside, you’ll find stunning frescoes, towering columns, and a holy icon of the Virgin Mary with Child. It’s Bologna’s most cherished relic, protecting the city for centuries. Every May, this icon takes a royal journey to the Cathedral in a must-see procession.
A VIEW TO REMEMBER:
Climbing 110 narrow steps to the cupola may leave your legs burning, but the reward is epic. From 42 m up, you’ll be rewarded with breathtaking views of Bologna’s rolling hills and skyline. The terrace might be small, but the views are unforgettable.
PORTICO PERFECTION:
The walk to San Luca isn’t ordinary – getting there is half the fun, thanks to the world’s longest portico. Stretching for nearly 4 km (2.4 mi) from Porta Saragozza, this record-breaking path is full of history, tradition, and maybe a few sore legs. Built in the 17th century, the Portico di San Luca isn’t just long – it’s legendary. Every year since 1433, locals have carried the sacred Byzantine Madonna with Child down to Bologna’s Cathedral during Ascension Week. That’s nearly 600 years of faith and tradition under these arches!
GOOD TO KNOW:
- Don’t like uphill hikes? The San Luca Express from Piazza Maggiore gets you there with zero effort. Want a little adventure? Walk back downhill through the portico – it’s a perfect way to soak in history without breaking a sweat.
- Enjoy a fun and exciting San Luca Express ride with an audio guide. The audio guide, available in 10 languages, provides information about the city’s history and curiosities. Expect to pay €13 (valid for 1 day), as of November 2024.
12. Quadrilatero
Imagine trying Tagliatelle al Ragù in the same spot where merchants traded goods in the Middle Ages!
If food is your passion, the Quadrilatero is your dream come true. To the east of Piazza Maggiore, the streets around Via Clavature (Street of Locksmiths) are situated on what was once Roman Bologna. For over 1,000 years, the Quadrilatero has been buzzing with life. Traders, craftsmen, and food lovers have filled these alleys since Roman times.
FOODIE WONDERLAND:
Step into a street lined with fresh tortellini, steaming tagliatelle, and the creamiest Parmigiano Reggiano. The smells of bread, cheese, and aged balsamic vinegar will lead you straight to paradise. You’ll wander through narrow alleys where craftsmen once ruled, with street names honouring their guilds. Enjoy mortadella with a glass of local wine, or stop for an espresso in one of the family-run shops.
WHY YOU’LL LOVE IT
Exploring the Quadrilatero isn’t just one of the best things to do in Bologna—it’s a journey through the city’s soul. Every corner offers a surprise, whether it’s a hidden deli or a centuries-old pharmacy still open for business.
13. Finestrella
Bologna’s Little Venice hides behind the tiny window – can you find it?
Did you know Bologna once had over 60 km (37 mi) of canals? These waterways powered industry and trade, transporting goods and keeping the city bustling during the Middle Ages. Over the years, most of these waterways vanished under streets and buildings. Now, only a few remain visible, and this hidden gem is one of them.
WHY IT’S SPECIAL:
Peer through this quirky little window, the Finestrella, on Via Piella, and you’ll see one of the city’s last visible canals, Canale delle Moline. This gorgeous canal winds its way through colourful historic buildings, giving you a glimpse of Bologna’s ‘Little Venice’. Finding this secret spot is one of the most unusual things to do in Bologna. It’s easy to miss, hidden in a colourful wall near Trattoria dal Biassanot. Once you find it, you’ll understand why this little opening is a favourite photo stop.
Now you know what the best things to do in Bologna are!
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